So the current and to many most reasonable solution is to have the illegals pay back taxes, pay a fine, learn English and not be criminals. Fine
How do you collect a fine? back taxes?
You make it a condition of gaining legal status. If they don't pay, they don't get legal status. For those who file a tax return, you net the fine and/or taxes against any tax refund they might get (such as EITC).
How long do they have to pay a fine and or back taxes?
That would be a fair point for debate. I would say ten years - the limitations period for the IRS to collect back taxes.
What happens when the illegals do not pay the fine or the back taxes in the allotted time?
They don't get legal status.
Who teaches them English?
Programs exist for this already, but that's their concern and burden.
How long do they have to learn it?What happens if they don't learn English in the allotted time?
Doesn't matter. They shouldn't get legal status until they do, whether it taxes 10 years or 10 days.
How much would all this cost the taxpayer? How large would the bureaucracy have to be to implement this?
Less that it would cost to deport them all. I would dedicate the funds accrued from enforcing employer sanctions to financing any costs.