DHeiman,
There are two main factors that separate the USA from other countries in the world. Upward mobility of the classes, and our University system that produces people and technology we then sell to the rest of the world.
I agree with most of your pell grant points, but to me that drop in the bucket adds up- and given the sharp rise in education vs. inflation I would think $5,000/year makes a difference for many in whether or not they attend a particular university, vocational school or decide to just not attend at all.
In my life, I've spoken to people who didn't attend college and many times they tell me "I'd go also but I couldn't afford it." Well guess what, I couldn't afford it either, I left school with loans worth 2 BMWs at the time, but in part because of low rate loans I received, a pell grant or two, and a strong conviction to pay down the loans ASAP via my new job- I did it. And, I hate the excuse "I couldn't afford it."