The irony of this Carrier deal is that it is a product of the Cllinton's embrace of what used to be in vogue republican policies emphasizing free trade. As we move away from Nafta type free trade agreements towards negotiated bilateral agreements, it will be interesting to see the regulatory structures that will erected to maintain the new "fair" playing field.
This goes to the laissez-faire corner solution I talked about earlier. The probability of that occurring before the technological disruption of the past 30 years was much lower. It's the classic Ricardo and comparative advantage example.
1990 Example: Cost of producing 1 unit of Software and Shoes and Air Cond
Software Shoes Air Cond
US: $10.00 $12.00 $11.00
Mexico: $9.00 $7.00 $8.25
In this example 26 years ago it would have cost the US $33 to produce 1 unit of software, 1 pair of shoes, and 1 AC unit. Conversely it would have cost Mexico only $25.25 to produce the same. It has an absolute cost advantage. Before trade, it would cost US and Mexico $58.25 total to produce 2 units of software, 2 pairs of shoes, and 2 AC units. However, the US has a comparative advantage in producing 1 unit of software, that is 5/6 the cost of a pair of shoes versus Mexico's 9/8ths.
Under trade in 1990, even though they have an absolute advantage in software, shoes, and AC units Mexico would specialize in shoes. For $17 they would produce 2.125 shoes. US has a comparative advantage in software and would produce 2.2 unites of software for $22. Both would still produce 1 unit each AC units since they have equivalent comparative costs ~9/10th of shoes for the US and ~9/10th of software for Mexico. So instead of spending in total $58.25 for 2 units of software, 2 pairs of shoes, 2 AC units, under trade, they're spending $58.25 for 2.2 units of software, 2.125 pairs of shoes, and 2 AC units. This is why NAFTA made sense in the 1980s and 1990s.
Here's the problem in 2016.
2016 Example: Cost of producing 1 unit of Software and Shoes and Air Cond
Software Shoes Air Cond
US: $10.00 $12.00 $11.00
Mexico: $9.00 $7.00 $8.00
Technology has now given Mexico a comparative advantage in ACs. If there was not trade, it would cost $33 and $25 respectively for US and Mexico to produce 1 unit of each good or $58 for 2 units of software, 2 pairs of shoes, and 2 AC units. Under trade in 2016, the US would produce 2.2 units of software and only 0.73 units of AC for a cost of $33. Mexico now produces 2.125 pairs of shoes but now produces 1.38 AC units for $25. In other words, for $58, US and Mexico now produce 6.43 units under trade in 2016.
You can see where this is heading. At the rate of technological disruption, eventually the US would only produce software...a corner solution. While that is economically efficient, it is not sustainable for a diverse country like the US.