IMHO, rural hospitals seem to do OK as long as there is population stability in the rural towns nearby. I had two grandparents and a father that died in rural town hospitals. As long as the population is not decreasing in the rural area, then the market is not really changing. After looking at some follow-on links from the article referenced above, the problem is more in governmental control (which is only partly ACA related).
According to
this, 3 of the 5 things to know about the rural hospital vulnerability are:
(1) The 673 rural hospitals vulnerable to shutting down are located across 42 states. This implies that the problem is more-or-less widespread.
(2) Sixty-three percent of the hospitals vulnerable to closure are located in states that have not expanded Medicaid. This implies that if you do not support medicaid in the new ACA environment, the patients will go seek healthcare elsewhere. The higher vulnerability rates for closure are in the southeast (southern) states, which are probably politically related to the leanings in those states.
(3) Sixty-eight percent of the hospitals vulnerable to closure are critical access hospitals (CAH). These CAH rural hospitals are classified such by the federal government and forced to operate under certain restrictions.
This article touches on why CAH hospitals are seeing little growth. One reason --
"Support for critical-access hospitals has been in the Obama administration's crosshairs for several years. This past year, the president's budget proposed eliminating the extra 1% of payment over costs that go to the (CAH) hospitals."